Taliban likely gained access to millions that the US transferred to the Afghan government before collapse

By Oren Liebermann
CNN
November 15, 2022
CNN — 

The Taliban likely gained access to tens of millions of dollars the US transferred to the Afghan government before it collapsed, a US government watchdog found.

The Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), which monitored US projects and spending during America’s longest war, said in its latest report that the Taliban likely accessed approximately $57.6 million in funds from the State Department, Department of Defense and USAID.

“Once the money was transferred, US agencies lost visibility over those funds and relied on the Afghan government to disburse funds for their intended purposes,” SIGAR wrote in the report.

The money was transferred before the collapse of the Afghan government on August 15, 2021, and the subsequent Taliban takeover of power. The vast majority of the funds came from the Defense Department, which transferred $45.6 million, according to SIGAR, while the State Department and USAID transferred $2 million and $10 million, respectively.

“It is likely that some portion of the $57.6 million remained in Afghan government-controlled accounts when the Taliban returned to power and assumed control of Afghan ministries, including the Ministry of Finance,” SIGAR found, and there are no plans to try to recover any of the money.

The US withdrawal from Afghanistan, whose final act played out over four dramatic weeks in August 2021 and led to the deaths of 13 US service members, is likely to come under renewed scrutiny with Republicans set to take over the House after the midterm elections. One year later, the GOP members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee criticized the Biden administration for its lack of planning for the withdrawal based on their own investigation into the withdrawal.

But the Pentagon questioned whether it was even possible for the Taliban to access the money, given the fall of the Afghan government and financial sector.

“Due to the collapse of the Afghan banking system and its accompanying digital infrastructure by August 15, it is extremely unlikely that the Taliban was able to gain access to any portion of these funds,” said Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Rob Lodewick. The money was transferred electronically and was intended for Afghan army salaries, training and expenses.

In addition, the Pentagon says by law it did not have the ability to recoup the money since it “lacked the statutory authority to recall funds already transferred to another government,” Lodewick said.

SIGAR also questioned whether the Defense Department had an accurate accounting of the $7.1 billion in equipment the US left behind when it withdrew from Afghanistan last year. Because of problems tracking and managing equipment given to the Afghan military over the years, SIGAR questioned whether there was potentially more equipment left behind.

“It remains unclear whether the $7.1 billion figure reported to Congress is accurate,” SIGAR wrote in its report. The Defense Department told SIGAR the figure was based on the best data it had and that the number may actually be lower if more precise information were available.

SIGAR accused the State Department of failing to provide any dollar figures or lists of equipment transferred to Afghanistan that may have been left behind when the Taliban took over. SIGAR also claimed that the State Department provided “erroneous information” about what may have been left in Afghanistan.

In response to SIGAR, the State Department wrote in an October letter that it continued to “engage and cooperate” during this evaluation, and it rejected any claims that it was not providing complete information.

“To be clear, the State Department and USAID remain committed to assisting SIGAR with its important auditing role,” the agencies wrote in an earlier April letter, though they questioned whether SIGAR had the authority to investigate given the end of the reconstruction mission in Afghanistan.

Taliban likely gained access to millions that the US transferred to the Afghan government before collapse
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Swiss-Based Trust Fund for Frozen Afghan Assets Meets in Geneva

The fund’s statutes says its purpose is to “receive, protect, preserve and disburse assets for the benefit of the Afghan people”.

(Reuters) – The board of a Swiss-based trust fund managing some $3.5 billion in frozen assets seized after the Islamic Emirate took power last year is meeting in Geneva for the first time on Monday, a Swiss government spokesperson confirmed.

The frozen central bank reserves were recently transferred from Washington into the ‘Fund for the Afghan People’ where U.S. officials say it will be shielded from the Islamic Emirate. The latter has condemned the transfer, calling it a violation of international norms.

The fund’s statutes says its purpose is to “receive, protect, preserve and disburse assets for the benefit of the Afghan people”. But how and when the four-member board will disburse the money remains to be decided.

After decades of war and drought, half of Afghanistan’s population, or 24 million people, are in need of humanitarian assistance according to the United Nations.

However, a full-scale transfer back to Afghanistan’s central bank, known as DAB, is seen as all but impossible with a top official who is under both U.S. and U.N. sanctions.

The Swiss fund’s statues indicate that disbursements will be for macroeconomic purposes, such as foreign exchange rate and price stabilisation.

The $3.5 billion forms part of an original $7 billion being held in the United States following the Islamic Emirate takeover in August 2021. The other half is being contested in lawsuits against the Islamic Emirate stemming from the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks on the United States which could later be released by courts into the new trust fund.

Trustees include Swiss foreign ministry official Alexandra Baumann, U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland Scott Miller, Anwar Ahady, a former Afghan central bank chief and former finance minister, and Shah Mehrabi, a U.S. academic who remains on the DAB Supreme Council.

Swiss-Based Trust Fund for Frozen Afghan Assets Meets in Geneva
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Afghan official says 19 people lashed in northeast province

Associated Press

20 Nov 2022

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — Nineteen people in northeastern Afghanistan were lashed for adultery, theft and running away from home, a Supreme Court official said Sunday. The announcement underscored the Taliban’s intention of sticking to their strict interpretation of Islamic law, or Sharia.

It appeared to be the first official confirmation that lashings and floggings are being meted out in Afghanistan since the Taliban seized power in August 2021.

During their previous rule in the late 1990s, the group carried out public executions, floggings and stoning of those convicted of crimes in Taliban courts.

After they overran Afghanistan last year, the Taliban initially promised to be more moderate and allow for women’s and minority rights. Instead, they have restricted rights and freedoms, including a ban on girl’s education beyond the sixth grade.

On Thursday, a Taliban spokesman said they are committed to implementing all Sharia laws.

A Supreme Court official, Abdul Rahim Rashid, said 10 men and nine women were lashed 39 times each in Taloqan city in northeastern Takhar province, on Nov. 11. He said the punishment took place in the presence of elders, scholars and residents at the city’s main mosque after Friday prayers.

Rashid did not provide personal details on the 19 people, such as where they were from, or what happened to them after they were lashed. He said their cases were assessed by two courts before they were convicted, confirming information in a Supreme Court statement.

The United Nations has said it is increasingly concerned that restrictions on girls’ education, as well as other measures curtailing basic freedoms, will deepen Afghanistan’s economic crisis and lead to greater insecurity, poverty and isolation.

The former insurgents have struggled in their transition from insurgency and warfare to governing amid an economic downturn and the international community’s withholding of official recognition.

Afghan official says 19 people lashed in northeast province
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Red Cross: Afghans will struggle for their lives this winter

By RIAZAT BUTT

Associated Press
21 Nov 2022

More Afghans will be struggling for survival as living conditions deteriorate in the year ahead, a top official of the International Committee of the Red Cross said in an interview, as the country braces for its second winter under Taliban rule.

The religious group’s seizure of power in August 2021 sent the economy into a tailspin and fundamentally transformed Afghanistan, driving millions into poverty and hunger as foreign aid stopped almost overnight.

“The economic hardship is there. It’s very serious and people will struggle for their lives,” Martin Schuepp, director of operations at the Red Cross, said in an interview late Sunday.

Sanctions on Taliban rulers, a halt on bank transfers and frozen billions in Afghanistan’s currency reserves have already restricted access to global institutions and the outside money that supported the country’s aid-dependent economy before the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces.

The onset of winter will compound the acute humanitarian needs that half the country is already facing, Schuepp pointed out.

“Prices are spiking due to a whole set of reasons, but also the issue of sanctions has led to massive consequences,” he said. “We see more and more Afghans who are having to sell their belongings to make ends meet, where they have to buy materials for heating while at the same time have to face increasing costs for food and other essential items.”

Sanctions on Taliban rulers, a halt on bank transfers and frozen billions in Afghanistan’s currency reserves have already restricted access to global institutions and the outside money that supported the country’s aid-dependent economy before the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces.

The onset of winter will compound the acute humanitarian needs that half the country is already facing, Schuepp pointed out.

The Red Cross is already paying the salaries of 10,500 medical staff every month to ensure basic healthcare services stay afloat, he added.

“We are very conscious that it’s not our primary role to pay for salaries of medical staff. As a humanitarian organization, we are not best placed to do that. We have done so exceptionally to ensure that services continue to be provided.”

Schuepp, who was making his first visit to Afghanistan as director of operations since the Taliban takeover, said the agency was feeding most of the country’s prison population. He was unable to immediately say how many prisoners there were in Afghanistan.

“We have stepped up our support to prisons and prisoners, ensuring that food is being provided in the prisons throughout the country,” he said. “Today, about 80% of the prison population benefits from such food support.”

He described the Red Cross’ role as a “stop-gap measure” that had become necessary following the collapse of the U.S.-backed Afghan government once Washington began its final withdrawal of troops in August 2021.

The Red Cross has tried “to make sure that basic services continue” in prisons under Taliban rule, he said.

No country in the world has recognized the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as the Taliban call their administration, leaving them internationally isolated. The religious group previously ruled Afghanistan in the 1990s and was overthrown by a U.S. invasion in 2001.

Red Cross: Afghans will struggle for their lives this winter
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Pakistan reopens border crossing with Afghanistan after shooting

By
Al Jazeera

Islamabad, Pakistan – Pakistan has reopened a key border crossing with neighbouring Afghanistan a week after an Afghan gunman killed a Pakistani security guard there, forcing a closure of the crossing.

Shehzad Zehri, an official in Chaman, the border city in the southwestern province of Balochistan, confirmed the reopening to Al Jazeera on Monday.

“The deadlock has ended and mobility between the two countries has resumed for all purposes, including pedestrians as well as trade,” he said.

Officials told Al Jazeera the decision to reopen the Chaman border crossing – also known as Friendship Gate – was taken in a meeting between Pakistani and Afghan authorities on Sunday.

Abdul Hameed Zehri, another official in Chaman, said the Afghan authorities expressed regret over last week’s incident and assured action.

The Chaman border, situated nearly 120km (74 miles) to the northwest of Pakistan’s provincial capital Quetta, is one of the busiest border crossings between the two countries and is used by thousands of people every day.

Imran Kakar, former president of the Chaman Chamber of Commerce, who was present in Sunday’s meeting, said the talks took place in a “friendly environment”.

Kakar said the local business community hopes such incidents will not hamper the livelihood of thousands of traders who use the crossing.

“Both countries get affected. People get affected. Businesses get affected. These issues must only be resolved through dialogue, and ensure that trade does not stop,” he told Al Jazeera.

In a statement last week, the Taliban government in Afghanistan condemned the incident and ordered the formation of a fact-finding committee to investigate it.

Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid on Friday rejected allegations in Pakistani media reports that the attacker was a member of the Afghan border forces.

Since its takeover of Kabul last year, the Afghan Taliban has maintained an uneasy relationship with Islamabad.

Pakistan accuses Afghanistan of providing safe haven to armed groups, a charge denied by the Taliban.

Pakistan was among a handful of nations to recognise the first Taliban government when it came to power in Afghanistan in the late 1990s.

But Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari, in a news conference on Friday, said his government will not recognise the Taliban government until an international consensus is reached.

“As far as their official recognition is concerned, Pakistan would not want to take a solo flight and would rather pursue this process with international consensus,” he said.

SOURCE: AL JAZEERA
Pakistan reopens border crossing with Afghanistan after shooting
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Uzbek Foriegn Minister Calls for Intl Efforts to Prevent Afghan Isolation

Norov said that in the meeting they discussed important issues about regional and international agendas that included peace and development in Afghanistan.

The foreign minister of Uzbekistan, Vladimir Norov, at a European Union – Central Asia meeting that was held on Thursday in Uzbekistan, called for international efforts to prevent the isolation of Afghanistan and for coordinated efforts to provide real practical assistance to the Afghan people.

Norov said that in the meeting they discussed important issues about regional and international agendas that included peace and development in Afghanistan.

“We also exchanged views on the topical issues on the regional and international agenda including sustainable peace and development in neighboring Afghanistan,” said Vladimir Norov, the foreign minister of Uzbekistan.

Uzbek media, quoting the Foreign Minister of Uzbekistan, wrote that modern Afghanistan is not only a source of challenges and threats, but also new opportunities.

Meanwhile, the representative of the EU expressed concern about the situation of women and girls and called on the government to fulfill its international obligations.

“The Taliban takeover in Afghanistan and their refusal to fulfill their pledge to pursue an inclusive political process – ensuring the most basic rights for women, girls and minorities – is casting a long shadow on the region,” said Josep Borrell, representative of the EU.

The Islamic Emirate has not commented on this issue.

Meanwhile, several political analysts said that the isolation of Afghanistan has had a negative impact on the region.
“The countries of the region and neighboring countries of Afghanistan understand that if Afghanistan goes into economic and political isolation, the biggest countries that will fail in this field are the neighboring countries of Afghanistan.  Afghanistan has always been a bridge between Central Asia and Europe,” said Mohammad Rahimi, political analyst.
“Uzbekistan emphasized that the world should not isolate the Afghan government but should pay attention to Afghanistan,” said Janat Fahim Chakari, political analyst.

Uzbek Foriegn Minister Calls for Intl Efforts to Prevent Afghan Isolation
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Khalilzad: US is ‘Out of a War’ But Afghanistan is Suffering

Khalilzad asked the Islamic Emirate to listen to the aspirations of the people.

The former US special envoy for Afghanistan’s reconciliation, Zalmay Khalilzad, in an interview with Kurdistan 24 Television expressed concern over the current situation in Afghanistan.

According to him, Afghanistan is facing “economic deprivations.”

“For the United States it is good, it is sort of out of a war, but for Afghanistan, it is a difficult situation. The Taliban, first, economically, services-wise… is not what it should be, there is a lot of suffering, a lot of economic deprivations,” he said.

Khalilzad asked the Islamic Emirate to listen to the aspirations of the people.

“In terms of the world relations with it and in terms of stability of Afghanistan, the government needs to listen to the people, it needs to be responsive to the aspirations of the people for — for example on education. People want girls to go to school, they need to respond to that aspiration,” he added.

Political experts consider the demands of the international community and the citizens of the country to be important for the recognition of the Islamic Emirate.

“The Taliban should begin high-level talks with all Afghan citizens. The problem of recognizing and opening girls’ schools will then be solved,” said Tariq Farhadi, another political analyst.

On February 29, 2020, the US and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan signed the peace agreement, or Doha agreement, in Qatar, paving the way for the departure of US soldiers from Afghanistan.

Khalilzad: US is ‘Out of a War’ But Afghanistan is Suffering
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University Students Complain of Lack of Teachers

By Asma Sayin 

Meanwhile, some lecturers said that because of economic challenges students cannot continue their education in a normal way.

On Thursday, International Students’ Day, students at universities complained of a lack of teachers. 

According to them, the lack of teachers has a negative impact on the educational process of students.

“We don’t have good lecturers in universities and that is one of the biggest problems,” said Mohammad Reza, a student.

“We call on the government to deal with problems that exist against women,” said Maryam, a student.

Meanwhile, some lecturers said that because of economic challenges students cannot continue their education in a normal way.

“Lack of motivation, immigration issues and economic challenges are the reasons that our youth cannot learn completely,” said Mohammad Zahir Halimi, a lecturer.

“It is necessary that organizations and the Ministry of Higher Education support public and private universities,” said Mustafa Ibrahimi, a lecturer.

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Higher Education spoke about efforts being made to keep the educational system strong.

“We are trying to make laboratories and libraries, do comparative research and hold conferences at universities and build good relations between public and private universities,” said Ziaullah Hashimi, spokesman for the Ministry of High Education.

University Students Complain of Lack of Teachers
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Afghan Taliban say group will stick to strict Islamic law

By RIAZAT BUTT

Associated Press
17 Nov 2022

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — The Taliban will stick to their strict interpretation of Islamic law, or Sharia, a spokesman said Thursday, underscoring the group’s intention to continue hard-line policies implemented since they took over the country more than a year ago.

During their previous years in power in the late 1990s, the Taliban carried out public executions, floggings, and stoning of those convicted of crimes in Taliban courts.

After they overran Afghanistan in August 2021 as American and NATO forces were in the last weeks of their pullout from the country after 20 years of war, the Taliban initially promised to be more moderate and allow for women’s and minority rights.

Instead, they have cracked down heavier on rights and freedoms.

Women are banned from parks, funfairs, gyms, and most forms of employment. They are ordered to cover themselves from head to toe. Girls are forbidden from going to school beyond sixth grade. There are also clampdowns on music and the media.

According to Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid, the group’s supreme leader, Hibatullah Akhunzada, met with Taliban judges a few days ago and instructed them to implement Sharia law in their rulings.

Mujahid said this instruction prompted perceptions that Islamic law had been abandoned in the Islamic emirate, as the Taliban call their administration. But that’s not the case, he added.

“It doesn’t mean that the Islamic emirate didn’t implement the limits of Allah Almighty since it came to power,” he said. “Rather, the Islamic emirate is committed to implementing all Sharia laws from day one.”

Videos and photos of Taliban fighters punishing people for various offences have frequently appeared on social media in the last 15 months, although officials have never confirmed these incidents.

On Thursday, in Bamiyan province, a young man and woman were arrested and publicly lashed 39 times each for allegedly having an extramarital relationship, a witness who lives in the area said.

The resident, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals, said he went to the Shaheed Mazari stadium where the punishment took place. Hundreds of locals watched but were barred from taking photographs and filming, the resident added.

The Taliban brought the couple in and started lashing the pair, at which point the witness said he left. He added that he did not know who the couple were, where they were from or what ultimately happened to them.

The Taliban could not immediately be reached to comment on the incident.

The former insurgents have struggled in their transition from insurgency and warfare to governing amid an economic downturn and the international community’s withholding of official recognition.

The United Nations has said it is increasingly concerned that restrictions on girls’ education, as well as other measures curtailing basic freedoms, will deepen Afghanistan’s economic crisis and lead to greater insecurity, poverty, and isolation.

Afghan Taliban say group will stick to strict Islamic law
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US watchdog blames Washington, Ghani for the fall of Kabul

Al Jazeera

17 Nov 2022

SIGAR identifies six factors that contributed to the collapse of the Afghan government and the return of the Taliban to power.

The United States sought to build “stable, democratic, accountable” Afghan governance institutions, but it ultimately failed, the Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) concluded in a report published on Wednesday.

SIGAR pointed the finger at the US but also laid blame on former Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, who it said governed through “a highly selective, narrow circle of loyalists, destabilising the government at a critical juncture”.

This is not the first time the US watchdog has blamed Washington and Ghani for the return of the Taliban to power. In a report published in May, the watchdog said the withdrawal of US troops prompted the collapse of the Afghan army, while another report released days after the Taliban’s takeover in August 2021 blamed the US’s failure to “implement a coherent strategy” over 20 years in Afghanistan.

The report says the US exit from Afghanistan resulted in the Taliban regaining control of the country and triggering an exodus of foreign nationals and workers, along with Afghans who worked with international aid groups as well as the US military.

Despite some progress with capacity building, the US failed to resolve issues of corruption; “to legitimise the Afghan government through democratic elections; and to adequately monitor and evaluate the outcomes and impacts of its efforts”, the report said.

SIGAR identified six factors that contributed to the collapse of the Afghan government. These included the failure of the Afghan government to recognise that the US would actually leave, the exclusion of the Afghan government from US-Taliban talks, which weakened it; the Afghan government’s insistence that the Taliban would somehow be integrated into the country, and the Taliban’s unwillingness to compromise.

Moreover, “the Afghan government’s high level of centralisation, endemic corruption, and struggle to attain legitimacy were long-term contributors to its eventual collapse”, the report said.

The US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 following the 9/11 attacks and after accusing the Taliban, which was in power, of harbouring al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.

US forces swiftly took over the country, but they struggled to defeat a guerrilla warfare campaign by the Taliban in the following 20 years.

With the war growing increasingly unpopular in the US, former President Donald Trump reached an agreement with the Taliban in 2020 that would ensure the withdrawal of the American military from the country.

The deal also stipulated that Afghan authorities would “prevent the use of Afghan soil by any international ‘terrorist’ groups or individuals against the security of the United States and its allies” and called for “intra-Afghan dialogue” between the Taliban and the government in Kabul.

US President Joe Biden, who came to office in January 2021, pushed on with the withdrawal plan, stressing that Afghan forces had the numbers, training and equipment to fight off the Taliban. But in early August 2021, with the US withdrawal deadline approaching, provincial capitals began falling to the Taliban with little resistance from Afghan security forces.

Chris Mason, assistant professor of national security at the US Army War College, was quoted in the SIGAR report as saying, “US efforts to build and sustain Afghanistan’s governing institutions were a total, epic, predestined failure on par with the same efforts and outcome in the Vietnam war, and for the same reasons.”

“The fact that the United States had supported Afghanistan for 20 years and that Afghanistan had been highly dependent on external support for much of its modern history, made it all the harder for Afghan politicians and leaders to envision a future without such support,” Mason said.

SOURCE: AL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES
US watchdog blames Washington, Ghani for the fall of Kabul
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