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Afghanistan is the fastest-growing maker of methamphetamine, U.N. drug agency says

September 10, 2023
By ASSOCIATED PRESS

The report called Afghanistan’s meth manufacturing a growing threat to national and regional health and security.

ISLAMABAD — Afghanistan is the world’s fastest-growing maker of methamphetamine, a report from the United Nations drug agency said Sunday. The country is also a major opium producer and heroin source, even though the Taliban declared a war on narcotics after they returned to power in August 2021.

The United Nations’ Office on Drugs and Crimes, which published the report, said meth in Afghanistan is mostly made from legally available substances or extracted from the ephedra plant, which grows in the wild.

The report called Afghanistan’s meth manufacturing a growing threat to national and regional health and security because it could disrupt the synthetic drug market and fuel addiction. It said seizures of meth suspected to have come from Afghanistan have been reported from the European Union and East Africa.

Annual meth seizure totals from inside the country rose from less than 100 kilograms (220 pounds) in 2019 to nearly 2,700 kilograms (6,000 pounds) in 2021, suggesting increased production, the report said. But it couldn’t give a value for the country’s meth supply, the quantities being produced, nor its domestic usage, because it doesn’t have the data.

Angela Me, the chief of the UNODC’s Research and Trend Analysis Branch, told The Associated Press that making meth, especially in Afghanistan, had several advantages over heroin or cocaine production.

“You don’t need to wait for something to grow,” said Me. “You don’t need land. You just need the cooks and the know-how. Meth labs are mobile, they’re hidden. Afghanistan also has the ephedra plant, which is not found in the biggest meth-producing countries: Myanmar and Mexico. It’s legal in Afghanistan and it grows everywhere. But you need a lot of it.”

Me said it was too early to assess what impact the Taliban’s drug crackdown has had on meth supplies.

A spokesperson for the Interior Ministry, Abdul Mateen Qani, told the AP that the Taliban-run government has prohibited the cultivation, production, sale and use of all intoxicants and narcotics in Afghanistan.

“We cannot claim 100% that it is finished because people can still do these activities in secret. It is not possible to bring it to zero in such a short time,” said Qani. “But we have a four-year strategic plan that narcotics in general and meth in particular will be finished.”

A U.N. report published in November said that opium cultivation since the Taliban takeover increased by 32% over the previous year, and that opium prices rose following authorities’ announcement of a cultivation ban in April 2022. Farmers’ income from opium sales tripled from $425 million in 2021 to $1.4 billion in 2022.

The 2022 report also said that the illicit drug market thrived as Afghanistan’s economy sharply contracted, making people open to illegal cultivation and trafficking for their survival.

Afghans are dealing with drought, severe economic hardship and the continued consequences of decades of war and natural disasters.

The downturn, along with the halt of international financing that propped up the economy of the former Western-backed government, is driving people into poverty, hunger, and addiction.

An Afghan health official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media, said around 20,000 people are in hospitals for drug addiction, mostly to crystal meth. Of these patients, 350 are women. He said children are also being treated, but did not give the number nor their ages.

Afghanistan is the fastest-growing maker of methamphetamine, U.N. drug agency says
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New US intelligence suggests al Qaeda unlikely to revive in Afghanistan, but officials warn ISIS threat remains

September 9, 2023

Natasha Bertrand and Katie Bo Lillis

CNN
Fri September 8, 2023

New US intelligence assessments suggest that is “unlikely” al Qaeda will revive in Afghanistan and Pakistan and that counterterrorism operations by the Taliban in Afghanistan have degraded the Islamic State’s presence there, two senior US officials said on Friday.

The assessments described by the officials in a briefing to reporters paints an optimistic picture of the overall terrorist presence in Afghanistan, suggesting it has been waning despite the US military’s withdrawal from the country in 2021.

Since the chaotic withdrawal from Afghanistan – and as the US has shifted intelligence resources away from counterterrorism priorities to focus on China and Russia – the Biden administration has been at pains to emphasize that it retains “over the horizon” capabilities to track terrorism threats emanating from South Asia.

Still, some US officials have privately raised concerns that as the US has transitioned intelligence assets away from the Middle East and South Asia, the Biden administration may struggle to track the threat posed by ISIS, which continues to operate in ungovernable areas in Syria and elsewhere.

ISIS-Khorasan, the Afghanistan affiliate of ISIS, has continued to attack high-profile targets inside Afghanistan. ISIS-K attacks have killed and wounded dozens of civilians since the Taliban took over in 2021, part of an attempt to undermine the Taliban’s rule and erode public confidence in its assurances of security.

ISIS-K carried out the Abbey Gate bombing that killed 13 US servicemembers in 2021 – the last to die in America’s longest war. Between late 2022 and early 2023, the group attacked the Pakistani and Russian embassies, hit a hotel where Chinese business representatives were staying and carried out an explosion at an air force compound, CNN has reported.

“ISIS-K is a threat that we are certainly concerned about, from an external operations perspective,” one of the officials said. “But it’s a fundamentally different kind of threat than what we saw from al Qaeda on 9/11.”

The officials added that intelligence shows ISIS-K has been under increasing pressure from the Taliban and many of its key leaders have fled the country in recent months, the officials said.

“ISIS Khorasan members involved in media, facilitation and recruitment in support of external operations are increasingly moving to neighboring countries to evade the Taliban [counterterrorism] campaign,” the official said.

The officials said that the threat from al Qaeda, meanwhile, is at its lowest point in decades.

“Al Qaeda is at its historical nadir in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and its revival is unlikely,” one of the senior officials told reporters in a briefing, adding that the group’s “ability to threaten the United States from Afghanistan or Pakistan is probably at its lowest point” in decades.

That is at least partly because al Qaeda has lost one of its primary targets: US troops, the official said. The US withdrew its forces from Afghanistan in August 2021, leaving al Qaeda without a “proving ground” to train fighters and operatives.

After a US drone strike killed al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri in August 2022, the group was left without “leadership talent” and “strategic guidance,” the official added. The Taliban claimed at the time that they did not know Zawahiri was residing in the Afghan capital of Kabul when the US targeted him.

Notably, the US assessments downplaying a terrorist resurgence appear to contrast with a report released in June by the United Nations’ Sanctions Monitoring Team, which assessed that al Qaeda “is in a reorganization phase,” and had been establishing new training facilities in Afghanistan’s Kunar and Nuristan provinces.

The report also said that ISIS-K “continues to pose a significant threat within Afghanistan, and Member States are concerned about its potential to develop external operations capability and to project a threat into the region and beyond.”

Asked about the contrast between the US and UN assessments, one of the senior officials said the UN report was “wildly out of whack” with intelligence collected by the US and its partners.

“We have tried to engage with those who produced the report to understand where it comes from better and ideally, educate them back,” the official said. “The bottom line is, that report is an outlier within the UN system.”

CNN’s Oren Liebermann contributed reporting.

 

New US intelligence suggests al Qaeda unlikely to revive in Afghanistan, but officials warn ISIS threat remains
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Prime Minister’s Absence From Meetings Raises Questions

September 9, 2023
By Fatema Adeeb
Tolo News
9 Sept 2023

According to some political analysts, the presence of the PM in meetings and meetings with representatives of countries is important.

Two months after coming back to Kabul from Kandahar, Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund, the prime minister of the Islamic Emirate, has not been reported to have visited with officials of foreign countries or participated in significant meetings.

The Islamic Emirate’s Prime Minister left Kandahar on July 17, 2023, and returned to Kabul after two months of rest and medical treatment.

The Islamic Emirate’s spokesman, Zabihullah Mujahid, told TOLOnews that he is still sick and is resting.

“His deputies continue their activities, and, in the gatherings that you mentioned, his deputies have been seen giving speeches. Once again, I say that he might have needed to rest because of his health condition and that is why he has not participated in the meetings,” Mujahid said.

The Islamic Emirate’s PM was not present at the events marking the two-year anniversary of the Islamic Emirate on August 15, 2023, and on August 19, 2023, the nation’s 140th anniversary of independence. However, the Islamic Emirate’s high-ranking officials were there.

According to some political analysts, the presence of the PM in meetings and meetings with representatives of countries is important.

“Throughout the world, when a meeting is held, its elders hold a press conference after the meeting and make the details of the meeting public, and this causes the gap between the government and the people to decrease and brings transparency,” said Wahid Faqiri, a political analyst.

Mawlawi Abdul Kabir, the political deputy of the PM, had previously been appointed the acting Prime Minister of the Islamic Emirate by an order of the Islamic Emirate’s leader due to the illness of Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund.

Prime Minister’s Absence From Meetings Raises Questions
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UN Education Official Comments on Education of Afghan Women

September 9, 2023
Mitra Majeedy
Tolo News
9 Sept 2023

According to some political analysts, investing in the education of girls and boys in the country is a serious need.

Yasmine Sherif, Executive Director of the UN’s Education Cannot Wait (ECW), on the occasion of International Literacy Day, said that the official opinion of the ruling authorities in Afghanistan about the education of women in the country contravenes the UN Charter and international human rights.

Speaking at the press conference, Sherif added that the UN offers various training programs in negotiations with the local commanders in Afghanistan.

Sherif said that, given the challenges facing Afghanistan, women’s inclusion in society is crucial for the nation’s rebuilding.

“We are still delivering education in certain provinces of Afghanistan, these can be home based schools, and these can be locally negotiated agreements with local commanders,” Yasmine Sherif said.

“After the Islamic Emirate arrived in Afghanistan, the scope of education was expanded to 100% of the country’s territory, and a very good progress was made in the expansion of education,” said Bilal Karimi, deputy spokesperson of the Islamic Emirate.

The Executive Director of Education Cannot Wait (ECW), added that they need more funding to provide education services to 20 million children, including in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and a number of African countries.

“To reach another twenty million children and adolescents in the coming years from Afghanistan, to Mali, Burkina Faso, South Sudan, Sudan, the regional refugee crisis, in Egypt, Chad, Ethiopia, Central African Republic or South Sudan, across the Sahel, the Venezuelan refugees and Latin America … We have the coordination system in place but it we have more funding we could help more than twenty million,” Sherif noted.

According to some political analysts, investing in the education of girls and boys in the country is a serious need.

“Anyone who wants to develop Afghanistan and anyone who has an idea of the progress of Afghanistan should invest in the education sector,” said Mohammadi, a political analyst.

Nearly 720 days have passed since schools have been closed for girls above sixth grade in Afghanistan, and until now there is no news of their reopening.

The Islamic Emirate has consistently stated that efforts are being made to reopen the country’s schools and universities for girls and that the ban on women and girls’ education is not permanent.

UN Education Official Comments on Education of Afghan Women
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US Officials: ‘Unlikely’ Al Qaeda Will Revive in Afghanistan

September 9, 2023
Fatema Adeeb
Tolo News
9 Sept 2023

They added that the terrorist presence in Afghanistan has been waning despite the US military’s withdrawal from the country in 2021.

New US intelligence assessments suggest that it is “unlikely” al Qaeda will revive in Afghanistan and Pakistan and that counterterrorism operations by the “Taliban” in Afghanistan have degraded the Islamic State’s presence there, senior US officials said on Friday.

They added that the terrorist presence in Afghanistan has been waning despite the US military’s withdrawal from the country in 2021.

According to US officials, “ISIS-K has been under increasing pressure from the Taliban and many of its key leaders have fled the country in recent months,” and “the threat from al Qaeda, meanwhile, is at its lowest point in decades.”

The Islamic Emirate’s spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said that the soil of Afghanistan is safe and that no terrorist group exists on Afghan territory.

“There is no doubt that we created a government that ensures security, and all sides accept that Afghanistan is safe and is not a threat to anyone and is not a problem for anyone,” Mujahid noted.

Some analysts asked the current government to take the necessary measures against terrorist groups, especially the Khorasan branch of Daesh, in order to reassure the international community.

“The strictness of the Taliban government against Daesh is already tangible, and the fact that an American official expresses optimism is a positive step,” said Asadullah Nadim, a military analyst.

“A positive view can have positive effect on diplomatic relations between countries,” said Sadiq Shinwari, another military analyst.

Earlier, US President Joe Biden in response to a question about “mistakes in Afghanistan withdrawal,” said: “Remember what I said about Afghanistan? I said al-Qaida would not be there. I said it wouldn’t be there. I said we’d get help from the Taliban. What’s happening now? What’s going on? Read your press. I was right.”

US Officials: ‘Unlikely’ Al Qaeda Will Revive in Afghanistan
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Taliban Sell Afghanistan’s Mines Despite Sanctions

September 8, 2023

Akmal Dawi

Voice of America/VOA

FILE - The Mes Aynak valley, southwest of Kabul, Afghanistan, is pictured March 2, 2022. The unexploited copper source is estimated to be worth nearly $1 trillion. China's MCC won the contract to exploit the mine over 10 years ago.
FILE – The Mes Aynak valley, southwest of Kabul, Afghanistan, is pictured March 2, 2022. The unexploited copper source is estimated to be worth nearly $1 trillion. China’s MCC won the contract to exploit the mine over 10 years ago.

The Taliban, facing international sanctions and a dire economic outlook at home, have intensified efforts to leverage Afghanistan’s vast natural resources.

From oil to copper, gold and lithium, the Islamist leadership, unrecognized by any nation as Afghanistan’s legitimate government, has inked multibillion-dollar mining deals with Chinese and other foreign companies.

The landlocked country has plunged deep into economic trouble since Western donors cut off all development assistance, amounting to several billion dollars annually, after the Taliban seized power in August 2021.

Donors have also slashed humanitarian funding for Afghanistan, prompting aid agencies to suspend critical funding for about 10 million Afghans facing acute food insecurity.

Taliban officials contend they are using domestic sources to try to bridge the chasm left by the withdrawal of foreign aid. Critics, however, contend that the Taliban have other intentions.

“What the Taliban see in these contracts is both cash and a diplomatic link to the Chinese government,” said Arian Sharifi, a lecturer at Princeton University’s School of Public and International Affairs.

Afghanistan’s untapped mineral wealth, estimated to be worth trillions of dollars, has historically struggled to attract foreign investment because of security concerns and a lack of infrastructure.

Work under a $3 billion contract signed in 2007 between China Metallurgical Group Corp. and the Afghan government for copper mining has yet to commence, despite a 25-year time frame.

This past January, another Chinese company, Xinjiang Central Asia Petroleum and Gas Company, pledged a $540 million investment until 2026 for oil extraction in northern Afghanistan.

Evading sanctions?

For over three decades, numerous Taliban leaders have remained on the United Nations’ terrorism sanctions list, barring them from foreign business and travel.

Several Western countries, including the United States, Canada and various European nations, have also imposed economic, banking and political sanctions on Taliban individuals and entities.

Spokespersons at the U.S. State and Treasury departments did not answer questions on whether the Taliban’s mining contracts with Chinese companies violated the existing sanctions regime.

“U.S. sanctions generally require U.S. persons and some foreign persons to comply,” said Alex Zerden, a fellow at the Center for a New American Security.

“A foreign company could be violating U.S. sanctions if the company engages in a transaction or dealing with a designated person and the transaction or dealing has a nexus to the United States,” Zerden told VOA.

U.S. sanctions do not necessarily apply to Chinese companies doing business with the Taliban as long as they avoid going through U.S. financial systems, experts say.

“When it comes to bilateral sanctions from the U.S. side, it’s basically that no U.S. entity, be it a company or an individual, is able to do anything with the Taliban. And that has nothing to do with other countries, because other countries don’t abide by bilateral sanctions,” said Princeton’s Sharifi.

China, however, has supported U.N. Security Council Resolution 1988 (2011), which calls on all member states to freeze Taliban assets and economic resources, deny their entry and transit, and prevent the sale, supply and transit of weapons to them.

The U.N. resolution, experts say, needs urgent revisions to respond to the realities in Afghanistan, where the Taliban function as the only governing body.

Like other regimes facing sanctions, the Taliban claim U.N. and U.S. sanctions primarily hurt ordinary people by limiting and weakening the national economy.

Last year, the U.S. government issued exemptions allowing certain commercial transactions with Afghanistan’s governing institutions, except those directly benefiting sanctioned Taliban individuals.

:

US to Allow All Commercial Transactions with Afghanistan

Graeme Smith, a senior analyst with the International Crisis Group, said as long as revenue from a business or contract does not go directly into the pockets of sanctioned Taliban officials, fees, taxes or royalties can be paid to the de facto Afghan government.

“In early 2022, the U.S. government specifically clarified that such agreements are permitted under American law,” Smith said, adding that Washington and its allies have strategic interests in the stability of the region, including in the economic revival.

Smith said the lingering effects of sanctions and other economic pressures have hobbled the Afghan banking system, complicating large-scale investments in mining and other sectors.

“Mining requires heavy investment up front, with years of work before profits flow. So, the investors are taking a risk, and making the assumption that the Taliban will guarantee stability and keep their side of the bargain,” he told VOA.

The Chinese Embassy in Washington and the foreign ministry in Beijing did not respond to requests for comment.

While pressing the Taliban on women’s rights and other governance issues — in addition to terrorism-related sanctions — the U.S. government has refrained from supporting anti-Taliban groups that seek to topple the Taliban.

Weakening the Taliban could risk internal war in Afghanistan, thereby giving terrorist groups opportunities to flourish and target other countries, experts say.

“America and its allies have strategic interests in the stability of the region, and that requires economic revival,” said Smith.

Taliban Sell Afghanistan’s Mines Despite Sanctions
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On World Literacy Day, Girls Call for Reopening of Schools

September 8, 2023
Aziz Rahman Abram
Tolo News
8 Sept 2023

International Literacy Day comes as it has been nearly 720 days that girls above the sixth grade in Afghanistan have been denied access to education.

Friday, September 8, is international Literacy Day (ILD).

International Literacy Day comes as it has been nearly 720 days that girls above the sixth grade in Afghanistan have been denied access to education.

Some female students who were deprived of education asked the current government to open schools and universities for girls.

“Today is International Literacy Day, and it has been two years that girls could not continue their education,” said Mehria, a student from Mazar-e-Sharif.

“We ask the Islamic Emirate to reopen schools for girls and give us our rights,” said Zarmina, a student from Jawzjan.

“Once again we ask the Islamic Emirate to lift restrictions on education of girls so that we can continue our education,” said Maryam Sadat, a student from Bamiyan.

Meanwhile, some religious clerics and citizens said that providing the opportunity of education to girls is for the benefit of the country.

“The current rulers should provide the opportunity of going to university to the women of Afghanistan,” said Faiazi, a religious cleric.

“As a father, I ask the government to provide the opportunity of education to the girls of this country,” said Rahimullah, a resident of Mazar-e-Sharif.

The Islamic Emirate hasn’t commented on this recently, but it has consistently stated that efforts are being made to reopen the country’s schools and universities for girls and that the ban on women and girls’ education is not permanent.

On World Literacy Day, Girls Call for Reopening of Schools
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Stanikzai: Afghanistan Not Involved in Terrorism

September 8, 2023
Naweed Samadi
Tolo News
8 Sept 2023

The deputy foreign minister once again asked the countries not to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan.

The deputy foreign minister, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai, said that the Islamic Emirate is not involved in any terrorist activity in the region, especially in neighboring countries.

Speaking at an event in Kabul marking the 20th anniversary of Kam Air Airlines in Afghanistan, Stanikzai noted that the world has understood that there is no other alternative for Afghanistan except the Islamic Emirate.

“It is recorded in history that no Afghan has ever been involved in terrorist attacks outside of Afghanistan. It was foreigners who came to our homeland and created these problems,” Stanikzai noted.

He also called on the international community, including those who were involved in war for the “past 20 years in Afghanistan” to return and take part in its reconstruction, and that doing so is “their obligation.”

“Those countries that had military forces in Afghanistan and used any kind of weapons in Afghanistan, it is obligatory for them, and according to the Doha agreement, they are also obliged to come to Afghanistan and help in the reconstruction of Afghanistan,” Stanikzai said.

The deputy foreign minister once again asked the countries not to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan.

“Afghanistan has never been a haven for terrorism, Afghanistan has never had such facilities to launch attacks on another country from its soil, and it has not funded or equipped the forty-five-year war in any way,” Yusuf Aminzada, a military analyst told TOLOnews.

This official of the Foreign Ministry further said that the Islamic Emirate accepts criticism but will not allow any elements to damage the interim government through their criticism.

Stanikzai placed emphasis on allocating Iran’s water rights once the Helmand River’s water level rises.

Stanikzai: Afghanistan Not Involved in Terrorism
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HRW Releases Report on Human Rights Situation in Afghanistan

September 8, 2023
Fatema Adeeb
Tolo News
8 Sept 2023
However, the Islamic Emirate called these reports propaganda, saying they will find ways to better ensure women’s rights.
Human Rights Watch (HRW) said in a report that “Taliban authorities in Afghanistan are committing the crime against humanity of gender persecution against women and girls.”

According to report, since taking over the country in August 2021, “the Taliban have imposed laws and policies intended to deny women and girls throughout the country their fundamental rights because of their gender.”

“The Taliban’s cruel and methodical denial of the basic rights of women and girls to remove them from public life has received global attention,” said Elizabeth Evenson, international justice director at Human Rights Watch. “Coordinated support by concerned governments is needed to bring the Taliban leaders responsible to justice.”

“Human Rights Watch has issued a report today finding that the Taliban have committed crimes of gender prosecution in Afghanistan against women and girls. Gender prosecution is a crime against humanity. Other organizations have also reached the same finding, those organizations include Amnesty International, International Committee of Jurists. The international criminal court can bring charges and prosecute people and send them to prison ultimately,” said Heather Barr, director of Women’s Rights Division at Human Rights Watch.

However, the Islamic Emirate called these reports propaganda, saying they will find ways to better ensure women’s rights.

“Institutions and groups occasionally engage in propaganda against Afghanistan and make false claims. No one’s rights had been neglected, and all citizens’ Shariah rights have been given,” said Zabihullah Mujahid, spokesman of the Islamic Emirate.

Some women’s rights activists asked the Islamic Emirate to ensure the rights of work and education for women in the country.

“The government should uphold international norms, and accept international laws. Those regarding the education of women and girls, is crucial. They should resolve these issues,” said Suraya Paikan, a women’s rights activist.

In the meantime, Freedom Now non-profit organization said on X that “so far, the Taliban issued over 64 directives, erasing women from public life. We stand in solidarity with Afghan women as they bravely fight for their rights and call on the international community for urgent action in responding to the human rights crisis in Afghanistan.”

HRW Releases Report on Human Rights Situation in Afghanistan
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Haqqani Asks Mohaqiq, Khalili to Return to Afghanistan

September 8, 2023
Naweed Samadi
Tolo News
8 Sept 2023
Haqqani said that the door of interaction is open to everyone, and every person can return to the country freely.

Speaking at a gathering in Bamiyan province, acting Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani called on influential political leader Mohammad Mohaqiq and former vice president Mohammad Karim Khalili to return to Afghanistan.

Haqqani said that the door of interaction is open to everyone, and every person can return to the country freely.

“Those influential leaders who are living abroad, such as Instructor (Mohammad Mohaqiq) and Mr. Karim Khalili — I would say that it is bad. They have their tribes and nations and should come back and live as leaders in their own country. Through your address (for your sake), I call on them, that if they consider their tribe and people, as the elders who are sitting here consider them as their own people, and they have respect and honor here– they will give a peaceful message to the people and strengthen the unity of Afghanistan (by returning),” Haqqani said.

Sirajuddin Haqqani, acting interior minister, reiterated that there are no racial and linguistic prejudices in the nation and that the Islamic Emirate will not permit anyone to do this.

He also discussed the unity between the ethnic groups in Afghanistan following the establishment of the Islamic Emirate.

“We do not have a religious war in Afghanistan in our history. If there was a religious war or discrimination, then it is a good example that today we are gathering … and have mutual respect for one another,” Haqqani said.

“With the arrival of the Islamic Emirate, any kind of grudge and disagreements has ended across Afghanistan, especially in Bamiyan,” said Abdullah Sarhadi, the governor of Bamiyan.

The deputy of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, Madar Ali Karimi Bamiani, shared his opinion regarding supporting the current system as one of the speakers at this gathering.

“Our people have friendly and pure cooperation with the Islamic system under the name of the Islamic Emirate,” Bamiani said.

This comes as Sirajuddin Haqqani said that the Afghan people are a united nation and that no force can separate them into different ethnic or racial divisions.

Haqqani Asks Mohaqiq, Khalili to Return to Afghanistan
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