WFP Warns: 10 Million Afghans Face Hunger, Only 1 Million Can Be Helped

Despite rising humanitarian needs, the reduction in aid has left millions of Afghan families facing severe economic and humanitarian challenges.

The World Food Programme (WFP) has once again raised concerns about the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Afghanistan.

The UN-affiliated organization states that this summer, ten million people in Afghanistan are in urgent need of food assistance; however, due to funding shortages, it can only support one million of them.

According to economic experts, the solution to reducing poverty in Afghanistan lies in fostering active relations with neighboring countries and making effective use of the country’s natural resources.

Abdul Zahoor Modabber, an economic affairs analyst, said: “To curb poverty, we must consider two key strategies: first, maintaining constructive and effective international relations; and second, utilizing both renewable and non-renewable natural and human resources efficiently. Therefore, with proper management, these resources must be used wisely and effectively.”

Following recent political developments, Afghanistan now tops the list of countries over which the global community has expressed deep humanitarian concerns.

Despite rising humanitarian needs, the reduction in aid has left millions of Afghan families facing severe economic and humanitarian challenges.

Mohammad Javid, a resident of Kabul, said: “If there were aid, we could manage. Even without work, we somehow got by. But when there is work, we don’t need aid. There are plenty of street carts, and they distribute cards to people but we don’t have any connections to get one.”

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Economy says it has launched programs to fight poverty and unemployment, which, if implemented, could help improve the overall situation.

Abdul Rahman Habib, spokesperson for the Ministry of Economy, stated: “Simply distributing food aid cannot fully address the needs of our people. Instead, lifting economic sanctions and international support for programs that strengthen families, create jobs, and enhance purchasing power can lead to real economic improvement.”

Unemployment, reduced foreign aid, natural disasters, and lack of access to adequate health and education services are among the key drivers of poverty and malnutrition in Afghanistan challenges that have forced families into displacement and pushed children into hard labor.

WFP Warns: 10 Million Afghans Face Hunger, Only 1 Million Can Be Helped
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UN Resolution on Afghanistan: Islamic Emirate and Global Reactions

Russia, maintaining formal relations with the interim Afghan government, criticized the Western-centric approach to resolving Afghanistan’s issues.

The Islamic Emirate’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has announced that it will review the recently adopted UN General Assembly resolution on Afghanistan in accordance with Islamic principles and national interests. While acknowledging that some humanitarian realities in Afghanistan were overlooked, the Ministry emphasized its commitment to assessing the resolution’s recommendations within the framework of Islamic guidelines and national priorities.

In response to the resolution, Zia Ahmad Takal, head of public relations at the Ministry, said: “Despite this, the Islamic Emirate will evaluate the stated demands and suggestions in this resolution within the framework of the guidance of the noble religion of Islam and national interests, and will determine areas where cooperation is possible.”

The resolution, passed with 116 votes in favor, 2 against (the United States and Israel), and 12 abstentions (including Russia, China, India, and Iran), calls on Afghanistan’s ruling authorities to reverse oppressive policies against women and girls and to dismantle terrorist organizations operating within the country.

Russia, maintaining formal relations with the interim Afghan government, criticized the Western-centric approach to resolving Afghanistan’s issues and emphasized constructive engagement with the interim authorities.

“We are disappointed by the open refusal of some Western colleagues to even mention the role of certain regional mechanisms in the section on regional cooperation that was created specifically for this purpose, even though these mechanisms remain the only platform for regional interaction on a wide range of issues,” said Anna Evstigneeva, Russia’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN.

China reiterated its support for the interim government while encouraging the formation of an inclusive political structure. Geng Shuang, China’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN, stated: “We encourage the interim government of Afghanistan to establish an inclusive political structure and a moderate administration, emphasizing dialogue and consultation to achieve national reconciliation and internal unity.”

Qatar and Saudi Arabia also emphasized in the UN General Assembly the importance of coordinated international efforts on Afghanistan and support for political stability in the country.

Sheikha Alya Ahmed bin Saif Al-Thani, Qatar’s Representative to the UN, said: “The State of Qatar stresses the importance of solidarity and joint international efforts so that the people of Afghanistan can build a country governed by peace, stability, and development.”

Abdulaziz Al-Wasel, Saudi Arabia’s Permanent Representative to the UN, also said: “Saudi Arabia reaffirms its commitment to continue supporting political, humanitarian, and developmental efforts aimed at stabilizing Afghanistan and again urges the international community not to abandon Afghanistan.”

On the other hand, the European Union and Germany have called for the appointment of a UN Special Envoy for Afghanistan and support for the UN-led Doha process.

The United States, which has yet to take a clear stance on the caretaker government, appears dissatisfied with the ongoing efforts to resolve Afghan issues.

Stavros Lambrinidis, EU Representative to the UN, said: “The EU also calls for the appointment of a UN Special Envoy for Afghanistan, in line with UNSC resolution 2721, to facilitate international coordination, promote a peaceful resolution to the conflict, and support the implementation of the Comprehensive Approach roadmap.”

Antje Leendertse, Germany’s UN Representative, said: “As many others, Germany acknowledges that there is no alternative to engagement with the Taliban, and we will continue to actively contribute to the UN-led Doha process.”

“With regard to international cooperation and the UN-led Doha process, it too has yielded few sustainable results. The United States is deeply skeptical about the Taliban’s willingness to participate in good faith. When they are willing to engage, it is only on their terms and to the detriment of our interests,” said Jonathan Shrier, U.S. Representative to the UN Economic and Social Council.

The UN General Assembly’s discussion on Afghanistan once again highlighted that nearly four years on, the international community has not reached a comprehensive agreement on the issue. The outcomes of future meetings on Afghanistan remain to be seen.

UN Resolution on Afghanistan: Islamic Emirate and Global Reactions
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Recognition of the Islamic Emirate a Bilateral Matter: UN

By TOLOnews

UN Secretary-General’s spokesperson, Stéphane Dujarric, emphasized that the UN’s position on the issue remains unchanged.

Stéphane Dujarric said: “The issue of recognition is a bilateral issue between those who recognize each other.  For ourselves, our work in Afghanistan remains unchanged as mandated by the Security Council.”

Political analysts believe that if the caretaker government adheres to the legitimate demands of the international community, it could lead to its recognition even by European countries.

Sayed Ebadullah Sadiq, a political analyst, said: “The Islamic Emirate must understand what the international community expects from them and also pay attention to the rights of all Afghans, including both women and men.”

Another political analyst, Moeen Gul Samkani, said: “From a diplomatic perspective, it is the right path, but based on their intentions, it seems the West still does not want to take such action. The Islamic Emirate must do more to eventually engage in dialogue with countries that are unwilling or have taken opposing stances.”

This comes as Russia last week became the first country to officially recognize the Islamic Emirate.

Recognition of the Islamic Emirate a Bilateral Matter: UN
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ICC issues warrants for Taliban leaders over alleged persecution of women

Al Jazeera
Published On 8 Jul 2025

Judges say Taliban officials have ‘severely deprived’ girls and women of human rights, including education.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for two top Taliban leaders in Afghanistan on charges of abuses against women and girls.

ICC judges on Tuesday said there were “reasonable grounds” to suspect Taliban Supreme Leader Haibatullah Akhunzada and Chief Justice Abdul Hakim Haqqani of committing gender-based persecution.

“While the Taliban have imposed certain rules and prohibitions on the population as a whole, they have specifically targeted girls and women by reason of their gender, depriving them of fundamental rights and freedoms,” the court said in a statement.

The Taliban has “severely deprived” girls and women of the rights to education, privacy, family life and the freedoms of movement, expression, thought, conscience and religion, ICC judges said.

“In addition, other persons were targeted because certain expressions of sexuality and/or gender identity were regarded as inconsistent with the Taliban’s policy on gender,” the court added.

The Taliban was quick to reject the warrants as “baseless rhetoric”, saying that it does not recognise the ICC’s authority and invoking the court’s failure to protect the “hundreds of women and children being killed daily” in Gaza.

“The leadership and officials of the Islamic Emirate have established unparalleled justice in Afghanistan based on the sacred laws of Islamic Sharia,” Zabihullah Mujahid, a spokesperson for the Taliban government, said in a statement.

Late in 2022, several Muslim-majority countries – including Turkiye, Saudi Arabia and Qatar – condemned the Taliban’s decision to restrict education for women.

The ICC said on Tuesday that the alleged crimes were committed from August 15, 2021, when the Taliban seized power after the withdrawal of United States forces, and continued until at least January 20 of this year.

The court’s chief prosecutor, Karim Khan, sought the warrants in January, saying that “Afghan women and girls as well as the LGBTQI+ community are facing an unprecedented, unconscionable and ongoing persecution by the Taliban”.

Last year, the United Nations accused the Taliban government of barring at least 1.4 million girls from their right to an education during its time in power.

Taking into account the number of girls not going to school before the group came to power, the UN said 80 percent of Afghan school-age girls – a total of 2.5 million – were being denied their right to an education.

Authorities also imposed restrictions on women working for nongovernmental groups and other jobs.

Beauty salons have been closed and women blocked from visiting public parks and gyms as well as travelling long distances without a male chaperone.

A “vice and virtue” law announced a year ago ordered women not to sing or recite poetry in public and for their voices and bodies to be “concealed” outside the home.

The rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (HRW) welcomed the ICC warrants on Tuesday.

“The announcement is an important development that gives hope, inside and outside the country, to Afghan women, girls, as well as those persecuted on the basis of gender identity or expression,” Amnesty International chief Agnes Callamard said in a statement.

“This is a crucial step to hold accountable all those allegedly responsible for the gender-based deprivation of fundamental rights to education, to free movement and free expression, to private and family life, to free assembly, and to physical integrity and autonomy.”

For its part, HRW called on the international community to “fully back the ICC in its critical work in Afghanistan and globally, including through concerted efforts to enforce the court’s warrants”.

Last year, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant over war crime charges in Gaza, including using starvation as a weapon of war.

But several Western members of the court have refused to commit to enforcing the warrants. Earlier this year, Poland said it would allow Netanyahu to visit the country, and Hungary hosted the Israeli prime minister and withdrew from the Rome Statute that established the ICC.

The ICC, based in The Hague, was set up to rule on the world’s worst crimes, such as war crimes and crimes against humanity. It has no police force of its own, and relies on member states to carry out its arrest warrants.

Source: Al Jazeera and news agencies
ICC issues warrants for Taliban leaders over alleged persecution of women
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UN adopts resolution on Afghanistan’s Taliban rule over US objections

By EDITH LEDERER

Associated Press

UNITED NATIONS (AP) — The U.N. General Assembly adopted a resolution Monday over U.S. objections calling on Afghanistan’s Taliban rulers to reverse their worsening oppression of women and girls and eliminate all terrorist organizations.

The 11-page resolution also emphasizes “the importance of creating opportunities for economic recovery, development and prosperity in Afghanistan,” and urges donors to address the country’s dire humanitarian and economic crisis.

The resolution is not legally binding but is seen as a reflection of world opinion. The vote was 116 in favor, with two — the United States and close ally Israel — opposed and 12 abstentions, including Russia, China, India and Iran.

Since returning to power in Afghanistan in 2021, the Taliban have imposed harsh measures, banning women from public places and girls from attending school beyond the sixth grade. Last week, Russia became the first country to formally recognize the Taliban’s government.

The core message of the resolution, she said, is to tell Afghan mothers holding sick and underfed children or mourning victims of terrorist attacks, as well as the millions of Afghan women and girls locked up at home, that they have not been forgotten.

U.S. minister-counselor Jonathan Shrier was critical of the resolution, which he said rewards “the Taliban’s failure with more engagement and more resources.” He said the Trump administration doubts they will ever pursue policies “in accordance with the expectations of the international community.”

“For decades we shouldered the burden of supporting the Afghan people with time, money and, most important, American lives,” he said. “It is the time for the Taliban to step up. The United States will no longer enable their heinous behavior.”

The resolution expresses appreciation to governments hosting Afghan refugees, singling out the two countries that have taken the most: Iran and Pakistan. Shrier also objected to this, accusing Iran of executing Afghans “at an alarming rate without due process” and forcibly conscripting Afghans into its militias.

While the resolution notes improvements in Afghanistan’s overall security situation, it reiterates concern about attacks by al-Qaida and Islamic State militants and their affiliates. It calls upon Afghanistan “to take active measures to tackle, dismantle and eliminate all terrorist organizations equally and without discrimination.”

The General Assembly also encouraged U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to appoint a coordinator to facilitate “a more coherent, coordinated and structured approach” to its international engagements on Afghanistan.

UN adopts resolution on Afghanistan’s Taliban rule over US objections
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UN Official: Iran accuses hundreds of Afghan migrants of spying

A UN official reported that Iran has accused hundreds of Afghan migrants of spying, raising concerns over arbitrary arrests and human rights violations.

Richard Bennett, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on human rights in Afghanistan, has expressed serious concern over the arrest of hundreds of Afghan migrants in Iran, including members of ethnic and religious minority groups, on allegations of spying for Israel.

In a post on X on Saturday, July 5, Bennett stated that Iranian police have accused Afghan migrants of espionage and reportedly used violence during arrests. He also condemned the use of abusive and degrading language toward Afghan refugees by Iranian authorities.

Experts stated: “The post-war situation should not be used as an opportunity to suppress dissent and increase repression.”

They acknowledged the impact of the recent military attacks by Israel and the United States and expressed concern over reports of executions, enforced disappearances, and mass arrests.

UN experts noted that since June 13, at least six individuals, including three Kurdish men, have reportedly been executed on charges of spying for Israel.

Several Afghan returnees have shared similar experiences, claiming that Iranian police repeatedly detained and accused them of being spies. These claims align with broader concerns raised by international human rights organizations.

UN experts have voiced worry that, in the wake of recent Israeli attacks, Iranian law enforcement has been targeting minority communities, particularly Afghan migrants, through arbitrary detentions and possible torture.

According to multiple reports, dozens of Afghan citizens have been detained during recent cross-border tensions, accused of espionage without credible evidence or transparent legal process.

Afghanistan’s prolonged humanitarian crisis, following the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021, has forced millions of Afghans to seek refuge in neighboring countries, including Iran.

Iran currently hosts over three million Afghan nationals, many of whom live in undocumented, vulnerable conditions, exposed to abuse, detention, and forced deportation.

With Iran-Israel tensions intensifying, especially amid regional military escalations, experts fear that foreign nationals, particularly refugees, may continue to face collective punishment and scapegoating.

UN Official: Iran accuses hundreds of Afghan migrants of spying
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Trump slams Afghanistan withdrawal as “Most Shameful Moment” in US History

Khaama Press

Trump called the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan the most shameful moment in American history, vowing never to allow such failure again.

U.S. President Donald Trump has once again condemned the withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan, calling it “perhaps the most shameful moment in the history of our country.” His remarks were made during the signing of a major new tax bill in Washington.

Speaking at the event, Trump criticized the Biden administration, stating, “We endured four terrible and humiliating years. Afghanistan may be the most shameful moment in the history of our country. We will never let anything like that happen again.”

He emphasized that under his leadership, he would never allow a repeat of such a scenario, referencing the chaotic and deadly U.S. exit from Kabul in August 2021. “Never again will we see something like Afghanistan,” he said firmly.

During the same event, Trump celebrated the state of the U.S. economy and praised the impact of the new tax legislation. He claimed that the U.S. is currently experiencing an unprecedented investment wave, saying, “Nearly $15 trillion is flowing into the country—nothing like this has ever happened before.”

The president concluded by highlighting the uniqueness of this economic moment: “Even in the past, nothing has come close to this level of investment and growth.”

The U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, completed in August 2021, marked the end of America’s 20-year military presence. The rapid collapse of the Afghanistan government and the Taliban’s takeover shocked the world, triggering a chaotic evacuation and global criticism.

Since then, the withdrawal has remained a highly polarizing issue in U.S. politics. While Democrats argue the decision ended an unwinnable war, Republicans—led by Trump—have consistently framed it as a catastrophic failure that damaged America’s global standing.

Trump slams Afghanistan withdrawal as “Most Shameful Moment” in US History
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Zabul’s Children Deprived of Schooling Due to Lack of Teachers

Residents of Zabul are calling on the caretaker government to provide access to both modern and religious education for children in remote areas.

The Zabul Department of Education says that in 500 villages across the province, many students are deprived of access to education due to a shortage of teachers.

Gul Wali Muttaqi, Head of Zabul’s Education Department, said that this issue has been shared with the Ministry of Education. He told TOLOnews: “We face a teacher shortage in Zabul, which we have discussed with senior officials. Due to the lack of teachers, children in 500 villages are deprived of education, but efforts are underway to resolve this issue and create learning opportunities for children.”

Meanwhile, residents of Zabul are calling on the caretaker government to provide access to both modern and religious education for children in remote areas.

Barat Khan, a resident of Zabul, said: “Educational opportunities must be made available to children in Zabul. Schools should be built, and attention must be given to remote areas because the need is great, and families cannot afford to leave their children uneducated.”

Abdul Haleem, another resident, added: “We ask the Islamic Emirate to provide both modern and religious education in the center and districts of Zabul. Many children here are deprived of school, and this is a serious problem.”

According to Zabul’s Department of Education, since the return of the Islamic Emirate to power, several schools have been renovated and some new teachers have been hired in the province.

Zabul’s Children Deprived of Schooling Due to Lack of Teachers
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Deported Afghans Call on Government to Recover Their Property from Iran

They are calling on the caretaker government to take action to retrieve their property and assets from Iran.

Many Afghans deported from Iran say their possessions remain in that country.

According to them, hundreds of millions of Iranian tomans and household belongings were left behind, and Iranian landlords are not responding to Afghan migrants.

They are calling on the caretaker government to take action to retrieve their property and assets from Iran.

Esmatullah, one of the deportees, said: “A family worked hard for ten years, paying between 500 to 700 million tomans in rent to Iranian landlords. But when they try to contact the landlord, he doesn’t answer, and no government body responds to Afghan migrants either.”

Fardin, another deportee, said: “We left behind the life we built with hard work and returned to our country. We couldn’t reclaim our rent money. The landlord said he would send it, but we don’t know whether he actually will.”

Amir Mohammad, who was deported along with five members of his family, says that 280 million tomans and all of their household belongings were left behind in Iran, and the landlord has given no response.

Speaking to TOLOnews, he said: “I did everything I could, but he said he didn’t have the rent money. I told him, ‘You took 280 million tomans from me in just two days,’ but now six months have passed, and he hasn’t returned even fifty million. He’s just being forceful. In the end, despite having census cards and passports, we were deported.”

Some migrant rights activists view this as a serious injustice and are calling for the repatriation of Afghan migrants’ assets from Iran.

Sayed Ashraf Sadat, a migrant rights activist, said: “When an Afghan migrant in Iran has a rented home, bank deposits, or other transactions, they can’t resolve them and are cruelly deported. I hope a mechanism is created so these migrants can access justice and settle their financial matters before returning to Afghanistan.”

Many Afghan migrants have lived in Iran for decades. According to them, all their belongings have remained with landlords in Iran, while they returned home empty-handed.

Deported Afghans Call on Government to Recover Their Property from Iran
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Afghanistan Emerges as a New Frontier for Adventure Tourism: A Blend of Promise and Challenges

TTW

Travel and Tour World

Sunday, July 6, 2025

Afghanistan has in recent decades emerged as a rising center for adventure tourism. Despite the volatility that has long plagued the country, its diverse sceneries, cultural diversity, and history have started to attract travelers, most prominently those looking to have a singular experience that is far from mainstream. In late 2021, the Taliban announced their plans to develop tourism as a potential route to economic recovery. As part of this effort was its issuance of foreign nationals’ visas, which was suggestive of a desire to have the country open to foreign tourists.

Afghanistan’s sheer number of hills and mountains with ancient landmarks and historical sites, such as the Buddhas of Bamiyan, to date one of the world’s largest and most worshiped ancient statues, have a pull that’s impossible to resist for adventure travelers. The country also has some remarkable trekking tracks, among them the notorious Wakhan Corridor, which draws trekkers, mountain climbers, and explorers from all corners of the world. The country’s natural landscape with virgin valleys and lofty peaks and breathtaking scenery has much to offer for adventure tourism in its most unadulterated form.

Political Climate and Its Impact on Tourism

The political situation in Afghanistan remains volatile, and security concerns continue to affect the country’s tourism potential. Terrorist attacks, including those that have occurred in major cities like Bamiyan, have further complicated the scenario for would-be visitors. Despite the Taliban’s assurances that they will provide a safe environment for tourists, the unpredictable security situation remains a primary challenge.

Travel advisories from many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and others, warn against non-essential travel to Afghanistan, citing risks posed by terrorist groups and armed conflict. The security apparatus in the country is still in a state of flux, making it difficult for travelers to assess the level of risk before planning their trips. As a result, the country’s tourism sector remains a mixed proposition for many potential visitors.

Restrictions and the Taliban’s Impact on Women’s Rights

While Afghanistan’s natural beauty and adventure potential continue to attract interest, there are serious concerns regarding human rights, particularly the rights of women. Since the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan in 2021, the rights of women have been severely restricted. These restrictions have had a profound impact on tourism, as many countries and tourists are concerned about the treatment of women in the country.

Tourist activities such as guided tours, cultural experiences, and visits to historical sites, which typically require interaction with local communities, may face limitations for female travelers. Moreover, many countries have expressed concerns about the safety of women traveling in Afghanistan, further complicating the tourism industry. Many female travelers and tour operators are hesitant to engage with Afghanistan as a travel destination due to the prevailing restrictions on women’s freedoms under the Taliban’s rule.

International Reactions and the Potential for Development

Despite these significant challenges, Afghanistan’s tourism sector is not being ignored by the international community. Countries like Russia and China have shown interest in dialogue with the Taliban regime, and there are discussions surrounding the lifting of certain travel restrictions to allow foreign nationals to explore the country.

China, in particular, has expressed interest in investing in Afghanistan’s infrastructure, including its tourism sector. The potential for Afghanistan to develop into a significant tourist destination could boost the local economy and create new opportunities for Afghan citizens. While the path forward is uncertain, these talks suggest that Afghanistan’s tourism sector may gradually grow, particularly with the involvement of foreign investment and international cooperation.

Opportunities and the Future of Afghanistan Tourism

As Afghanistan works to attract tourists, it is becoming clear that adventure tourism is at the forefront of this new era. The country offers a unique, authentic experience that few other destinations can match. For those willing to navigate the complexities of travel to Afghanistan, the opportunity to explore some of the world’s most remote and stunning landscapes remains a draw.

Afghanistan has the potential to position itself as a unique adventure destination, offering everything from trekking through the Himalayas to exploring ancient Silk Road cities. The government, under the Taliban, has shown a willingness to develop the infrastructure necessary to support tourism, including improving roadways and offering accommodations to international visitors.

However, the future of Afghanistan’s tourism industry is still very much in question. Security risks, restrictions on human rights, and ongoing political instability all play a role in determining whether Afghanistan can become a truly viable destination for mainstream tourists.

What Travelers Need to Know

For those considering traveling to Afghanistan, it is essential to be aware of the risks involved. Comprehensive travel insurance, along with up-to-date information on the political and security situation, is a must. Travelers are advised to stay informed through government travel advisories, local embassies, and reliable news sources.

Given the unpredictable nature of the security situation, tourists are encouraged to take extreme caution when planning their trips to Afghanistan. Those who decide to travel should also be mindful of the cultural sensitivities and legal frameworks that are in place, particularly regarding women’s rights and dress codes.

Despite the challenges, Afghanistan remains an alluring prospect for adventure travelers who seek to explore off-the-beaten-path destinations. For those who are willing to embrace the uncertainties, Afghanistan offers an unforgettable, authentic experience in one of the most historic and culturally rich regions of the world.

Conclusion

Afghanistan’s growing popularity as an adventure vacation destination both reflects its great potential and the great roadblocks in its future. As the country gradually opens its doors to tourists, the political turbulence, security concerns, and restrictions on freedoms for women still remain major roadblocks. The future of Afghanistan’s tourism industry remains in limbo at present, yet with guarded hope and international cooperation, someday in the long future it could fulfill its promise as a unique and memorable vacation destination for the adventure-oriented.

References: Afghan Ministry of Tourism, United Nations Security Council Reports, United States Department of State Travel Advisory 2025

Afghanistan Emerges as a New Frontier for Adventure Tourism: A Blend of Promise and Challenges
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