By Mohammad Yunus Yawar and Charlotte Greenfield
Reporting by Charlotte Greenfield in Islamabad and Mohammad Yunus Yawar in Kabul; Editing by Andrew Cawthorne
Reporting by Charlotte Greenfield in Islamabad and Mohammad Yunus Yawar in Kabul; Editing by Andrew Cawthorne

Afghanistan was not invited to the 2025 SCO summit in Tianjin, as member states stressed an inclusive government is essential for peace and regional stability.
The main session of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) convened today, September 1, 2025, in Tianjin, China, without Afghanistan’s participation. Despite being an observer state since 2005, Afghanistan was not invited to this year’s summit.
This marks the fourth consecutive year Afghanistan has been excluded from SCO meetings. The continued absence reflects concerns among member states over the political situation since the Taliban’s return to power in 2021.
Member nations reiterated during the meeting that establishing an inclusive government representing all ethnic and political groups remains the only viable path toward lasting peace and stability in Afghanistan.
The SCO members jointly underscored that meaningful political participation across Afghanistan society is essential for stability, signaling that regional cooperation will remain limited until concrete political reforms are undertaken.
Experts note that the exclusion highlights the international community’s broader stance: until the Taliban fulfills commitments on forming an inclusive government and respecting human rights, Afghanistan risks continued marginalization in regional bodies.
Afghanistan’s absence from influential forums such as the SCO may further isolate the country diplomatically. Without reforms, Kabul could lose opportunities for vital regional cooperation, trade, and security support.
A 6.0 magnitude earthquake has struck Afghanistan’s mountainous eastern region, with authorities saying hundreds of people have been killed.
The quake hit at 23:47 local time on Sunday (19:17 GMT) with its epicentre 27km (17 miles) away from Jalalabad, the country’s fifth-largest city, in eastern Nangarhar province.
It was shallow – only 8km deep – and was felt 140km away in the capital, Kabul, as well as in neighbouring Pakistan. Hundreds of people are thought to have died.
The initial quake was followed by a number of large aftershocks, which are thought to have caused further deaths.
Details are still emerging and it could be some time before the extent of the damage and number of deaths is known.
Initial reports indicate significant casualties and widespread damage across parts of the far western Nangarhar and Kunar provinces of Afghanistan.
These mountainous areas are extremely challenging to reach even at the best of times, which is hampering rescue and relief operations.
The BBC has been told that the road leading to the epicentre has been blocked because of a landslide, so the Taliban government is using helicopters to get people out.
Multiple sources from the government have said that dozens of houses are buried under the rubble. Aid from international organisations has been requested.
Access by road to the worst-hit areas remains blocked, but hundreds of homes are likely to have been destroyed, according to Salam Al Janabi from the UN children’s charity Unicef.
The aid organisation World Vision says that entire villages in Chawki and Nurgal regions – both in Kunar province – have been completely or partially destroyed, with homes made of mud and timber collapsing and trapping residents under rubble.
An official in Nurgal told the news agency AFP that many of those living in the quake-hit villages had returned to the country from Iran and Pakistan in recent years. Both nations have stepped up efforts to deport more than a million Afghans – many of whom had initially fled the country to escape violence.
The earthquake came in the wake of flash flooding over the weekend which left at least five dead, according to local media. The flood, which caused landslides and damaged infrastructure, also temporarily disrupted traffic between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

As we have reported, the nature of the terrain means it is difficult to access and there are limited communications – meaning it will take longer to get updates on the situation. There is also likely to be damage to infrastructure, making it even harder to reach affected areas.
During previous major earthquakes, the death toll jumped up steeply once access to the affected areas was established.
However, there are other factors that hamper both our ability to get accurate information about the situation and in getting aid into the affected areas.
Since August 2021 the country has been under the control of the Taliban, whose government most of the world does not recognise.
The return of the hardline Islamist group to power sparked an exodus of international journalists, with organisations like the BBC pulling many of their staff from the country.
Several aid agencies and NGOs also suspended their work in Afghanistan as a result – meaning there are fewer ways to verify what is happening there.
However, there are no restrictions on allowing in international aid.
Afghanistan was pushed into economic collapse when the Taliban took over and more than 23 million Afghans are now in need of humanitarian assistance, according to the International Rescue Committee.
Most foreign donations to Afghanistan have been suspended and international sanctions, which date back to when the Taliban were first in power in the 1990s, are still in place – although exemptions have been made for humanitarian relief.
Prior to the Taliban takeover, about 80% of Afghanistan’s budget came from foreign donors. This funded nearly all public healthcare, which has since collapsed.
Jalalabad’s main hospital – the biggest medical facility close to the epicentre – is already overwhelmed, being right at the centre of the crossing point for the tens of thousands of Afghans being deported from neighbouring Pakistan.
Afghanistan’s financial assets abroad (mainly held in the US) have also been frozen, while the abrupt freeze on US Agency for International Development (USAID) earlier this year has significantly affected aid delivery.
There are concerns that the health and safety of women and girls could be at greater risk due to the restrictions placed on them by the Taliban government.
These “continue to limit their access to life-saving services, leaving them [women and girls] among the most vulnerable in the aftermath of the quake”, said Graham Davison, head of the Afghanistan branch of the international aid group Care.
Kunar is a very conservative area, so for cultural reasons, women might end up being treated later. It is feared some women may have chosen to stay, or wait for daylight to be taken to hospital by their families.
The powerful earthquake in the Paktika province of 2022 saw the number of injured women in hospitals rise two days after the earthquake.
It is also important to note that there are no female rescuers on the ground.
Afghanistan is very prone to earthquakes because it is located on top of a number of fault lines where the Indian and Eurasian plates meet.
Earthquakes happen when there is sudden movement along the tectonic plates which make up the Earth’s surface. Fractures called fault lines occur where the plates collide.
In 2023, a series of quakes in Herat province killed more than 1,000 people. In 2022, Paktika province was struck by a quake which also killed more than 1,000.
Shallow earthquakes are common in the country and are more destructive, as seismic waves have less of a distance to travel to the Earth’s surface and therefore retain much of their power.
Buildings in Afghanistan also tend to be made of timber, mud brick or weak concrete, which are not quake-resistant.
A lot of damage also comes from landslides caused by earthquakes, which can flatten houses in mountain villages and block rivers, causing flooding.

More than 800 people were killed and 2,500 were injured after a 6.0-magnitude earthquake rocked the mountainous areas of eastern Afghanistan on Sunday night, Afghan officials said on Monday. The death toll would probably rise, they added, as rescue workers scrambled to reach communities stranded in isolated valleys hardly reachable by road.
The epicenter of the quake was near Jalalabad, a city of about 200,000 people, but most of the destruction took place in the province of Kunar, north of Jalalabad, where dozens of villages with mud and brick houses were hit. Less than 100 miles away, residents of Kabul, Afghanistan’s capital, felt the aftershocks across the city throughout the night, but no major damage was reported.
The quake was a shallow one, just five miles from the earth’s surface, which made it likelier to be more destructive, as shallower waves retain more of their power when hitting the surface. Soon after the initial shaking stopped, people scrambled in the middle of the night to reach neighbors trapped under the debris of collapsed houses, according to videos shared on social media.
Road access was difficult for rescue workers in the area’s steep terrain, where landslides had struck. Homa Nader, the acting head of the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in Afghanistan, said it took Red Cross teams from Jalalabad four hours overnight to reach the most affected area, in Nur Gal district, just 35 miles away. By Monday afternoon, the road linking Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan’s largest cities, to Kunar Province had reopened, and a steady stream of ambulances were rushing to the impacted areas while on the other side, dozens were ferrying victims back to Jalalabad.
Hospitals were operational in both Kunar and Nangarhar with no significant damage, Ms. Nader said, while health centers in three districts of Kunar reported minor structural damages. One village, Mazar Dara, was completely blocked and victims could only be carried out by helicopter, she said in a text message.
Zabiullah Mujahid, the Taliban’s chief spokesman, told a news conference in Kabul on Monday that said 800 people had been killed and 2,500 injured in Kunar Province alone. In Nangarhar Province, he said, at least 12 people were killed and 255 were injured.
View the location of the quake’s epicenter and shake area.
Earthquakes are a prevalent danger in Afghanistan and other countries in the region, where many people live on or near geological faults. In 2022, a 5.9-magnitude quake that struck a remote area of Afghanistan’s southeast killed at least 1,300 people, according to the United Nations. The Taliban, who have ruled Afghanistan since 2021, said at the time that more than 4,000 people had died.
The quake is the latest in a series of overlapping crises for Afghanistan. Hundreds of hospitals and health care centers have been forced to shut down since the Trump administration suspended U.S. foreign aid earlier this year. More than 2.3 million Afghan nationals have returned to the country, in some cases by force, after being expelled from Pakistan or Iran amid a wave of xenophobia and political pressure in those countries.
One of those Afghans, Said Meer, had planned to arrive in Jalalabad on Monday with his two wives and 12 children, a day after leaving Lahore, the city in eastern Pakistan where he was born and had spent his whole life. He was hoping to transfer his livestock business to Jalalabad.
On Monday, the colorful truck carrying Mr. Meer’s extended family and their meager belongings was at a border crossing, waiting to enter Afghanistan.
“May God watch over our Afghan people,” Mr. Meer said by telephone. “War, earthquakes, poverty — every hardship is a test from God.” Despite the destruction brought by the quake, he said he still planned to move to Jalalabad, 40 miles from the border.
In Pakistan, tremors were felt across several districts of the northwestern border province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as well as in parts of Punjab Province, the Pakistan-administered part of Kashmir and the capital, Islamabad, the Pakistan Meteorological Department said. No major damage or casualties had been reported in Pakistan so far, officials said.
Since the Taliban returned to power, international assistance has gradually dwindled. Under President Trump, the United States, which last year provided 45 percent of the aid supplied to Afghanistan, has suspended or eliminated nearly all of its contributions. Several other European countries, including Britain, France and Sweden, have also cut back on assistance.
The Taliban have repeatedly called on foreign governments and businesses to finance Afghanistan’s reconstruction from four decades of war, but only Russia has formally recognized them as the country’s official government. As of Monday afternoon, Iran, India, Japan and the European Union had committed support to the victims of the earthquake, the spokesman for the Taliban-run Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hafiz Zia Ahmad Takal, told The New York Times.
The U.N. Secretary General António Guterres expressed his condolences to the victims’ families and said, “The U.N. team in Afghanistan is mobilized and will spare no effort to assist those in need in the affected areas.”
Zia ur-Rehman contributed reporting from Islamabad, Pakistan.
The Taliban have issued an order targeting underground beauty salons operating in secret across Afghanistan, warning the women running them that they have one month to stop or face arrest.
Officially, all beauty salons were closed by the Taliban in August 2023, shuttering 12,000 businesses with the loss of more than 50,000 female beautician jobs. Yet clandestine salons have continued to operate within communities across the country.
Now, the Taliban have said that they intend to root out and eliminate these underground businesses, issuing orders to community leaders and elders across the country that they must identify clandestine beauty salons and report those running them to the “vice and virtue” police.
Frestha, a 38-year-old mother of three young children, said she had been operating her beauty salon business in secret since they were banned in 2023 because she had no choice but to work and no other way of earning money.
“When the Taliban closed our salons, I was the only breadwinner in my family; my husband was sick, and I had three children whose expenses I had to cover,” she said.
“But also I kept working because I feel so good when I could bring beauty back to a woman. When a woman looked at herself in the mirror and smiled, her happiness became my happiness.
“Now, I don’t think I can keep going because the risk is too high [but] I don’t know any other work. Our situation is very bad, but in this world there is no one to hear our voice or support us,” she added.
Since the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in August 2021, women have been banned from most forms of paid employment and girls prevented from attending secondary school or university.
Human rights groups say the Taliban operate a de facto system of gender apartheid, preventing women from engaging in any kind of public life.
As well as shutting beauty salons, gyms and other communal spaces, women are also prevented from walking in public parks, travelling without a male chaperone, must cover themselves completely when leaving the house and are not allowed to be heard speaking in public.
German aid group HELP warns Afghanistan’s severe drought has cut wheat harvests by 60% in the west, pushing millions closer to hunger amid worsening climate-driven crises.
The German aid organization HELP has warned that Afghanistan is facing one of its most severe food crises in recent years, with drought devastating wheat production.
According to a statement issued Thursday, the ongoing drought has caused wheat harvests in western Afghanistan to plummet by nearly 60 percent compared to last year. The group said this dramatic decline poses a direct threat to the food security of millions of Afghan families.
HELP noted that over the past 12 months, Afghanistan has been battered by climate shocks, including severe droughts and sudden flash floods. These disasters have left more than nine million people vulnerable and pushed 19 provinces toward the brink of a humanitarian crisis.
International agencies have repeatedly described Afghanistan as one of the countries most at risk from climate change, given its reliance on traditional farming and lack of modern water management systems. Successive droughts have eroded agricultural output, leaving communities increasingly dependent on aid.
The worsening climate conditions are compounding Afghanistan’s broader humanitarian crisis, already marked by widespread poverty, conflict aftershocks, and economic isolation since the Taliban takeover.
Aid agencies, including the World Food Programme and the UN humanitarian office, have warned that without urgent international support, millions could face acute hunger in the coming months.
HELP’s statement stressed the urgency of increased humanitarian assistance and climate adaptation measures, warning that the country’s fragile food systems cannot withstand repeated climate shocks without sustained international intervention.