BY RIAZAT BUTT

Associated Press

November 9, 2023

ISLAMABAD (AP) — The Pakistani government’s crackdown on undocumented migrants and mass deportations to Afghanistan risk radicalizing those who have been forced out of the country — often returning to deplorable conditions back home, analysts and experts said Thursday.

More than 250,000 Afghans have left Pakistan in recent weeks as the government rounded up, arrested and kicked out foreign nationals without papers. The drive mostly affects Afghans who make up the majority of foreigners living in Pakistan, although authorities say that all who are in the country illegally are targeted.

Thousands are crossing the border every day into Afghanistan with few or no belongings, enduring harsh conditions until they are relocated within a country they left to seek a better life.

The mistreatment could lead to their radicalization by fueling hatred for Pakistan, said Zahid Hussain, an analyst of militancy and author of several books, including “Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam.”

There should have been an agreement between Islamabad and the Taliban-led government in Kabul to avoid a backlash, added Hussain. Instead, Pakistan is detaining and crowding Afghans in holding centers.

“It creates hate … and some of them can be radicalized against Pakistan when they return home,” Hussain told The Associated Press.

The forced expulsions will further strain relations between the two sides, and a new “wave of hate” arising from the deportations will be the result of the government’s flawed policy, he added.

“Do you think those who are being forced to go back to Afghanistan are happy?” Hussain asked rhetorically. “They are not happy, they will carry hate against Pakistan for a long time.”

Pakistan should reconsider the crackdown while there is still time to rectify the damage, he urged. “Policies should be corrected before things go out of control.”

Pakistan’s caretaker Prime Minister Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar has said that an increase in violence in Pakistan is one reason for the deportations.

Since the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan in August 2021, attacks have surged on Pakistani security forces and civilians. Most have been claimed by the Pakistani Taliban, the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan or TTP, a separate militant group but a close ally of the Afghan Taliban.

Kakar and the government in Islamabad accuse the Taliban of harboring militants from groups like the TTP — allegations thet the Taliban deny.

The Taliban-appointed defense minister in Kabul, Muhammad Yaqoob Mujahid, warned last week that Pakistan will reap what it sows.

The Pakistani Taliban are on the offensive, they are trying to win the “hearts and minds” of Afghans and there is a chance that some Afghans will become part of the group and take part in violence against Pakistan, said Abdullah Khan, the managing director at the Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies.

Pakistan has long hosted about 1.7 million Afghans, most of whom fled during the 1979-1989 Soviet occupation. In addition, more than half a million people fled Afghanistan when the Taliban seized power in the final weeks of U.S. and NATO pullout.

Khan said many Afghans had been living in Pakistan for decades — as if it were their own country.

If the returns were inevitable, they should at least have been given enough time to wind up their businesses, cancel their children’s school admissions and give notice to their employers before heading to Afghanistan, he said.

“I have a feeling that there will be more attacks by the TTP across the country, and we should not be surprised if it happens,” Khan added.

U.N. agencies and aid groups have said many of those who fled Pakistan to avoid arrest and deportation have little or no connection to Afghanistan. Many who have gone back lack water, food and shelter once they cross the border.

Some face additional barriers to integration because they don’t speak the local Afghan languages, Pashto and Dari, having learned English or Urdu while living in Pakistan.

Ahmed Rashid, a journalist and best-selling author who has written about Pakistan and Afghanistan for more than two decades, said the expulsions can only benefit extremists.

“They (Afghans) feel victimized and bullied by Pakistan,” Rashid said. “The policy will increase tensions between the Taliban and Pakistan, with militant groups looking to exploit the situation.”

Associated Press writer Munir Ahmed in Islamabad contributed to this report.

Geneva Abdul

The Guardian

Wed 8 Nov 2023 01.00 EST

Ahmad* was approved for relocation to UK before Home Office refusal meant he missed evacuation from Afghanistan in 2021

An Afghan former interpreter with the British army has resettled in the UK with his family after a lengthy legal battle with the government, more than two years after being initially approved for relocation.

Prior to the Taliban takeover, Ahmad* worked as an interpreter in Helmand province. In late 2020 he was approved for relocation to the UK before later facing a Home Office refusal, and missing the opportunity to evacuate as Britain and international allies withdrew from Afghanistan in 2021.

“That was really, really difficult. That was an unforgettable time,” said Ahmad. “Right now, I’m here in the UK. It means their refusal was wrong. Why did you refuse my visa? What was the problem? This refusal made me get into a mental problem and I faced a lot of problems.”

Earlier this year, Ahmad and his family were granted visas following a series of judicial review challenges. In Iran, however, where the family had fled, they faced a prolonged wait after the government introduced a rule requiring those eligible under the Afghan citizens resettlement scheme (ACRS) or the Afghan relocations and assistance policy (Arap) to secure permanent accommodation prior to their arrival.

“It was irrational for the UK government to leave our client and so many others in risky situations abroad when they had been approved for relocation to safety in the UK,” said Erin Alcock, a lawyer who represents Ahmad.

“The government has now removed the housing requirement from the relocation process, paving the way for many more families to safely complete their relocation and start their new lives in the UK.”

While Ahmad and his family have successfully relocated, nearly 2,000 Afghan citizens who risked their lives working for or alongside the British government in Afghanistan, have been stuck in Pakistan or Iran for months – and in some cases years – awaiting similar resettlement. More than £15m has been spent providing accommodation for those eligible under Arap in third countries – including Pakistan and Iran.

Pakistan began deporting “illegal immigrants” after 1 November, in a move that the UN has said will put more than 1.4 million Afghans living in the country at grave risk. In late October, the first flight bringing Afghan citizens from Pakistan arrived in the UK, coinciding with a government 15 December deadline to eject people who worked for the UK in Afghanistan from hotels.

“The UK has made an ambitious and generous commitment to help at-risk people in Afghanistan and, so far, we have brought around 24,600 people to safety, including thousands of people eligible for our Afghan schemes,” a government spokesperson said.

“We continue to honour our commitments to bring eligible Afghans to the UK, with new arrivals going directly into settled accommodation where possible.”

Sara de Jong, a co-founder of the Sulha Alliance, which supports Afghans who worked for the British government to resettle in the UK, said she was delighted that Ahmad and his family had finally been given sanctuary more than two years after first reaching out to the organisation. But the delays in his case were unfortunately not unique, said De Jong.

“Concessions by the government in the court on individual cases, should lead them to expedite the UK resettlement of all other Afghan interpreters whose relocation has been frustrated by mistakes and obstacles for more than two years,” said De Jong, also a professor of politics at the University of York.

When the Taliban seized back power in the country in August 2021, Ahmad and his family stayed indoors and refrained from walking outdoors. He told his family that should someone ask after him, to say they had left the country.

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“That was difficult, but we were scared, my family and all of us,” said Ahmad. “That was a danger for us because we had a military job with the British forces in Afghanistan. I had a plan to escape from Afghanistan, but I didn’t get an opportunity.”

The opportunity came earlier this year when an email finally came from the Home Office notifying their approval to relocate to the UK. “That was a really happy moment,” said Ahmad.

For eight months the family lived in a hotel in Tehran, Iran. The situation was difficult, said Ahmad, who didn’t have the right to work. His children weren’t in school and they didn’t have access to quality health facilities, he said. When Ahmad went to extend their visas, Iranian authorities would ask: ‘Why are you here?’ and ‘Why aren’t you in Afghanistan instead?’ Civilians posed similar questions, he said, and as months passed, they remained in the hotel fearing arrest and deportation.

Still, some of Ahmad’s former colleagues are awaiting relocation from Iran and Pakistan. While he remains concerned over his initial refusal in 2020, for now, he is eager to start searching for work in the UK and begin their new life.

“We are so happy,” he said. “Everyone is happy.”

*Names have been changed to protect identities.